Just as machine learning has played a huge role in genomics, there are many problems in ecological science and ecosystem management that could be transformed by machine learning. This talk will give an overview of several research projects at Oregon State University in this area and discuss the novel machine learning problems that arise. These include (a) automated data cleaning and anomaly detection in sensor data streams, (b) automated interpretation of images and video for field studies (including automated recognition of insects, automated discovery of new insect species, and automated modeling of insect behavior), (c) species distribution modeling including modeling of bird migration, and (d) design of optimal policies for managing wildfires in forest ecosystems. The machine learning challenges include flexible anomaly detection for multiple data streams, trainable high-precision object recognition systems, video activity recognition, inverse reinforcement learning, inverse stochastic game learning, and optimization of complex spatio-temporal Markov processes.